Cable bolts are made from cable of fi-15,5 mm and 1+6 structure in accordance with PN-71/M-80236. The following types of bolt can be distinguished: Plain cable, Bulbed cable.

The cable lay of KL-15,5K bolt was modified to form birdcage like bulbs of 100mm in length and 26 ÷ 28 mm in diameter. This ensures a better force distribution affecting the cement grout around the cable.

When filled with grout the cages act like stiff bulbs in relation to the cement face. The bulbs remain non-cracked despite considerable forces affecting the cable as radial forces occurring in the wires, which could potentially crush the cement in the bulbs, are relatively light when compared to axial forces.

For mining, tunneling and construction industry,  cable bolts bolting system.
The shape of the cable considerably affects force distribution around the cable caused by cable displacement in the rock. The bulbs cause considerable forces perpendicular to the hole wall compressing the grout and at the same time reduce compressive forces parallel to the hole axis. As a result cage cables bolts perform better in the rock, i.e. cable displacement in the rock, caused by load intensity, is smaller when compared to plain cable.

* A cap screw, as used in a bolted joint
* Bolt (climbing), an anchor point used in rock climbing
* Deadbolt, a kind of locking mechanism
* Screw, a cylindrical threaded fastener
* Several fasteners used in boat building

There are two main types of bolted joint designs. In one method the bolt is tightened to a calculated torque, producing a clamp load. The joint will be designed such that the clamp load is never overcome by the forces acting on the joint (and therefore the joined parts see no relative motion).

The other type of bolted joint does not have a designed clamp load but relies on the shear strength of the bolt shaft. This may include clevis linkages, joints that can move, and joints that rely on locking mechanism (like lock washers, thread adhesives, and lock nuts).

If an appropriate depth of threads are not available, or they are in a weaker material than the cap screw, then the clamp load (and torque) needs to be de-rated appropriately.

Threads are usually created on a thread rolling machine. They may also be cut with a lathe, tap or die. Rolled threads are about 40% stronger than cut threads.

If the hardware is Cadmium plated, or lubricated (or both) the torque is reduced by 15 – 25% to achieve the same clamp load. Specialty coatings exists that allow for a reduction of 50% in torque (compared to non-plated, non-lubricated hardware) to achieve the designed clamp load. Cadmium plated fasteners are no longer produced due to the toxicity of the metal.

Torquing the bolt is notoriously inaccurate. Even with a calibrated torque wrench large errors are caused by dirt, surface finish, lubrication, etc. The turn of the nut method is more accurate, but requires additional calculations and tests for each application.

There are more expensive tools for accurate torque setting, like ultrasonic meters, but they are out of reach of most shops.

Over torquing will cause failure by damaging the threads and deforming the hardware, the failure might not occur until long afterwards. Under torquing can cause failures by allowing a joint to come loose. It may also allow the joint to flex and thus fail under fatigue.

Brinelling may occur with poor quality washers, leading to a loss of clamp load and failure of the joint.

Corrosion, embedment and exceeding the shear stress limit are other modes of failure.